A reduced version of Kitchener’s important map of Palestine

An example of the reduced edition of the first scientific map of the Ottoman province of Palestine, surveyed by two lieutenants of the British Army, Claude Reignier Conder (1848-1910) and Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850-1916), for the Palestine Exploration Fund. The survey was begun in 1871 by Captain Richard Warren Stewart and Charles Tyrwhitt-Drake. Stewart returned to England after falling ill in 1872 and was replaced by Conder; Tyrwhitt-Drake died of malaria in 1874 and was superseded by Kitchener. The work continued until 1875, when Conder was injured in an attack on the group. After a break of 15 months, it was left to Kitchener to finish the survey. The map of Western Palestine was first published in 1880 on 26 sheets, on a scale on one inch to a mile. This version, on a scale of three-eighths of an inch to a mile, was published the following year, with 'special editions' overprinted to show 'the Divisions of The Natural Drainage and the Mountain Ranges', 'The New Testament, also The Talmud and Josephus', and 'The Old Testament, the Apocrypha and Josephus'. The success of this map led to Kitchener being tasked with a similar map of Cyprus, on 15 sheets, published 1885. He rose through the ranks of the British Army, becoming a Field Marshal and Secretary of War during the Great War, finding fame as the face of the 'Your Country Needs You' recruitment campaign. When the ship he was aboard was torpedoed in 1916, he was the highest-ranking British officer to be killed in the War.