17th century chart of Solar System according to Aratus

The Solar Sytem according to Aratus, with the Earth at the centre, with the sun and planets orbiting the Earth, except for Venus and Mercury, which orbit the Sun. In an outer ring is the Zodiac, interspersed with figures from mythology. The borders of this chart contain the titles on banners held aloft by putti, and two scenes of astronomers debating their findings. Aratus (c.315-240 BC), a Greek diadactic poet, wrote 'Phaenomena', a poem about the Constellations and planetary motions, based on works by Eudoxus of Cnidus, written about a century earlier. The plate was engraved by Jan van Loon for the 'Atlas Coelestis; seu Harmonia Macrocosmica', the only celestial atlas to be produced in the Netherlands before the nineteenth century. It was a compilation of maps of the Ptolemaic universe and the more modern theories of Copernicus and Brahe, and remains the finest, most decorative celestial atlas ever produced. It was first issued in 1660; this example comes from the second edition, with a plate number added.